Ureteric injury is rare in gynecological practice. The introduction of laparoscopy to gynecologic surgery has allowed for newer innovations, advancements, and also new challenges in the field. As the complexity of laparoscopically approached gynecologic cases continues to increase, it is imperative for surgeons to be aware of the risk of ureteral injury. Although rare, ureteral complications of laparoscopic gynecologic surgery are quite morbid and may have serious implications in relation to litigations. The incidence of ureteric injury varies between 0.1% and 30%, depending on the type of surgery. Prevention can be attempted by preoperative and intraoperative precautions, although the effectiveness of these measures has not been fully evaluated. Diagnosis of ureteric injury may be made intraoperatively, but 70% are diagnosed postoperatively. Management depends on the timing of diagnosis, the etiology, the length and location of the injury, the extent of the causative operation, and the condition of the woman. In this article, we have reviewed the incidence, etiology, preventive strategies, diagnosis, and management of ureteric injury. Knowledge about their prevention, diagnosis, and management is of utmost importance.

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Objective: The objective of the study is to determine the utility of hematological parameters and C-reactive protein (CRP) levels as diagnostic markers in the early diagnosis of Neonatal Sepsis. Materials and Methods: Study area: Neonatal intensive care unit at KLE's Dr. Prabhakar Kore Hospital, Belagavi. Study design: A cross-sectional study. Study period: January 2017–December 2017 over a period of 1 year. Study participants: Neonates with signs suggestive of sepsis admitted to Neonatal intensive care unit at KLE's Dr. Prabhakar Kore Hospital, Belagavi. Sample Size: 34. Sampling procedure: Universal sampling method. Results: Considering blood culture as gold standard, sensitivity of hemoglobin levels was 35.2%, specificity was 57.6%, positive predictive value was 50%, and negative predictive value was 57.6%. P = 0.659, which was statistically insignificant. Sensitivity of altered white blood cell count was 47.65%, specificity was 53.8%, positive predictive value was 62.5%, negative predictive value of 38.8% and P = 0.933 which was statistically insignificant. Sensitivity of altered platelet count was 38%, specificity was 69.2%, positive predictive value was 66.6%, negative predictive value of 59% and P = 0.664 which was statistically insignificant. Sensitivity of elevated CRP levels was 57.1%, specificity was 92.3%, positive predictive value was 92.3%, negative predictive value of 57.1%, and P = 0.0039 which was statistically significant. Conclusion: Higher sensitivity and negative predictive value of CRP compared to hematological parameters makes it a better diagnostic marker in the early diagnosis of neonatal sepsis.

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Written examinations are a predominant part of the assessment in Indian medical colleges and are used in the assessment of all types of learning or cognitive knowledge. Written tests are used to provide feedback and to measure the sufficiency of learning to proceed in the curriculum. It is best used to assess on “Knows” and “Knows how” of Miller's Pyramid. Traditional short- and long-essay items are not structured; there is no cross-checking of the set paper by the subject expert. There is a problem of undersampling or oversampling of content and items do not test the problem-solving abilities of students. Usually, questions are based on simple recall and knowledge is not tested in depth. Subjective scoring, rater bias, bluffing, flawed format, and idiosyncratic jargons are the other threats to the validity. This article describes the solutions to address limitations of traditional written examination based on the review of the current literature. Structuring long and short essay questions, preparing blueprint of the content, scoring rubrics, model answers, training the subject experts, and using multiple subject expert raters are the most important steps to address the validity threats and to make assessment more objective and focused. Uniform, bias-free assessment boosts confidence and results in positive impact on the academic performance of students.

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Background: Domestic violence against women is a major public health problem leading to violation of women's human right. It occurs in different forms such as physical, verbal, psychological, and sexual. Domestic violence does not take place itself, there are various reason associated with men and women both. The type of domestic violence and reasons for it differ depending on the associated risk factors. Most commonly seen risk factors are low level of education of both wife and husband, poverty, harmful use of alcohol by husband,and accepting violence as male privilege etcetera. Aim: The aim of this study is to determine the factors associated with domestic violence among married women of urban slums. Materials and Methods: The present study was conducted among 385 married women aged between 15 and 49 years residing in slum areas. Information was collected on sociodemographic factors and types of domestic violence after obtaining written consent. Pretested semi-structured questionnaire was used to collect data. Chi-square, univariate, and multivariate analysis test was done to find the association of the factors with domestic violence. Results: Domestic violence was statistically associated with the low level of education, low socio-economic status, and employment status of the respondents. It was also associated with education level and alcohol use by their husbands. Conclusions: Women's empowerment as far as education and overall socio-economic development may reduce domestic violence.

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Coryneform bacteria inhabit skin and/or mucous membrane of humans and animals. They have been isolated from the throat of tonsillitis patients. We report here a case of pharyngeal and laryngeal diphtheria with airway compromise, respiratory failure, extensive pneumonia, empyema, myocarditis, and fatal arrhythmia due to Corynebacterium argentoratense.

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Use of mid-urethral slings to treat stress urinary incontinence is based on the integral theory that the mid-urethra has an important role in the continence mechanism. Transobturator vaginal tape (TOT) involves passage of the sling transvaginally through the obturator foramen so as to avoid the pelvic organs and vasculature. In this report, we describe the operative steps of the transobturator approach.

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Pulmonary hydatid cyst (PHC) is an important clinical problem in endemic areas to echinococcal infection. The cysts are characteristically seen as solitary or multiple circumscribed or oval masses on imaging. The characteristic imaging appearance changes with rupture of the cyst. Surgery is the recommended form of treatment. We present two cases of ruptured PHC with communicating rupture into the bronchus.

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A 40-year-old female was evaluated for left thyroid swelling and after left hemithyroidectomy (p T2 N0M0) with intermediate risk as per the American Thyroid Association Guidelines was referred for completion thyroidectomy as the final histology was papillary carcinoma. A contrast-enhanced computed tomographic evaluation of the neck was done which revealed a suspicious nodule in the right lower pole of the thyroid gland, and a mention of the anomalous right subclavian artery was reported. Intraoperative findings were confirmed.

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