Background: The adolescent period is a crucial stage of the human life cycle. The nutrition education program is a cost-effective way to promote and change the health behaviors of adolescents. This study assessed the effects of a school-based nutrition education program on changing the intention to consume healthy food among adolescents. Methods: It was a pre- and post-test study design with a control group. We selected two private schools one as a control and other as study area which was located at Pokhara Metropolitan ward number one, Nepal. We involved 70 students as control and 74 as a study. We conducted formative research to develop the educational package. We measured the effect of the nutrition education program after 15 days of the implementation of the package and assured its effect. Results: There was no significant difference between the control and study groups regarding their demographic characteristics and score of theory of planned behavior constructs (P < 0.05) during the pretest. The results revealed a significant increase in attitude, planned behavior control, and intention toward healthy eating behavior in the study group compared to the control group. There was no significant difference between two groups in subjective norms (SNs) toward healthy eating behavior. Conclusion: The nutrition education program was found significantly effective for changing the intention to consume healthy food and student's attitude, perceived behavioral control and intention towards healthy eating behavior. However, there was no significant change in SNs toward healthy eating behavior. School-based nutrition education program would change the healthy eating intention of adolescents.

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Even in the present times, there remains a role for augmentation cystoplasty, although its use has become less common due to other less invasive procedures such as intravesical injection of botulinum toxin A and neuromodulation. Ileocystoplasty is the most commonly performed bladder augmentation procedure because of the reconstructive urologist's familiarity with ileum and the ileum's ability to easily reach to the pelvis.

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Adenoid cystic carcinoma (ACC) of the maxillary sinus is the second most common epithelial tumor, next to squamous cell carcinoma. Surgery and radiotherapy are advocated as treatment of choice for these tumors. Here, we present a case of a 48-year-old male with ACC of the maxillary sinus which showed predominant tubular pattern on microscopy.

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Intracranial posterior fossa metastasis is a common entity. Metastatic mucinous adenocarcinoma presenting as cerebellopontine angle (CPA) tumor is very rare. The authors presented a 47-year-old female patient with right CPA tumor. The magnetic resonance imaging brain showed a heterogeneous contrast-enhancing dural-based extra-axial right CPA lesion involving the right cerebellar hemisphere, internal auditory meatus, and posterior surface of the right petrous bone. The patient underwent surgery, and subtotal resection of the tumor was done. Histology of the tumor was metastasis from a mucinous adenocarcinoma. Contrast-enhanced computed tomography scan of the abdomen and pelvis, ultrasound of the thyroid, chest X-ray, and thyroid function tests were normal. Carbohydrate antigen (CA) 19-9 was 949.37 U/mL, serum carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA) was 48.17 ng/mL, and CA-125 was 8.20 U/mL. In view of the raised CA 19-9 and CEA, primary malignancy was believed to be arising from the pancreas or from the gastrointestinal tract, though the definitive diagnosis of primary malignancy was not made. Although rare, metastatic mucinous adenocarcinoma should be kept in the differential diagnosis of CPA lesions. Even though the tumor is radiologically mimicking as CPA schwannoma, the absence of hearing abnormality should raise the suspicion for other diagnoses.

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Schwannomas are the most common peripheral nerve tumors arising from neural sheath. They account for <8% of soft-tissue neoplasm. Surgical excision is the only option when patients present with complaints such as paresis, palsy, paresthesia, and pain. The essential goal of surgery will be complete excision of tumor with preserving nerve function. Intraoperative neurophysiological monitoring (INM) gives basic, reliable, and real-time information on the functionality of explored nerve, which helps the surgical team in microscopic dissection of tumor and complete removal without damaging the normal nerve fasciculi. We present a case of complete surgical excision of radial nerve schwannoma in a 48-year-old male, with INM and without any postoperative neurodeficits.

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Introduction: Diabetes mellitus (DM) is a group of common metabolic disorders that is characterized by hyperglycemia. It is reported that most patients with Type 2 diabetes could have dyslipidemia at varying degrees, characterized by the increased levels of triglycerides (TGs) and low-density lipoprotein-cholesterol (LDL-C) and decreased high-density lipoprotein-cholesterol (HDL-C). The non-HDL-C was introduced to refine the risk estimation beyond LDL-C in the presence of elevated TGs levels ≥200 mg/dl, and it also estimates the level of all Apo-B-carrying lipoproteins. This study was conducted to correlate the glycated hemoglobin with non-HDL-C and lipid profile in Type 2 DM and non-DM patients. Materials and Methods: The present case and control study was conducted on 204 participants who attended the Medical Outpatient Department at KLE's Hospital, Belagavi, Karnataka, India. 102 Type 2 diabetic patients and 102 age- and gender-matched healthy controls were evaluated for serum fasting blood sugar (FBS), blood HbA1c, serum fasting lipid profile, and non-HDL-C. Data were analyzed using the SPSS software version. 20. Results: The results of our study showed that the mean ± standard deviation levels of FBS were 157.18 ± 41.8 and HbA1c was 8.19 ± 1.68, which were significantly increased in Type 2 diabetes patients as compared to controls with FBS 99.96 ± 12.94 and HbA1C 5.56 ± 0.40 with P < 0.05. The levels of total cholesterol, LDL-C, and TGs significantly increased in cases as compared to controls with P < 0.05. Whereas, non-HDL-C levels significantly increased in cases 147.75 ± 30.42 as compared to controls 111.26 ± 31.9 with P < 0.05. Conclusion: The result of this study showed that HbA1c was associated with a significant increase in non-HDL levels in cases as compared to controls. Thus, non-HDL-C preferred as one of the markers for diabetic dyslipidemia and cardiovascular risk marker than LDL alone.

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Background: Carcinoma of the oral cavity is one of the most common cancers in our country. High mitotic index (MI) rate with growth, proliferation, and carcinoma of tissue linked with a lower survival rate. The combination of MI screening with proliferation and apoptotic assay is more compelling and comprehensive give more conclusion about anti-proliferative targets. Aim: The study aimed to show the impact of the apoptotic index (AI), MI, and turnover index (TI) to access the behavior of the lesion. Materials and Methods: A total of 68 histologically proven cases of premalignant and malignant squamous cell carcinoma were analyzed over a period of 1 year. Biopsy specimen with hematoxylin and eosin-stained sections was evaluated and correlated with different grade of the oral lesion with AI, MI, and TI. Results: Statistical analysis in premalignant between mild, moderate, and severe dysplasia shows no significant difference, whereas premalignant and malignant show a significant difference. Conclusion: Apoptotic, mitotic, and turnover base index can provide useful information and prediction of the nature of the lesion.

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Introduction: Deliberate self-harm (DSH) is an act with nonfatal outcome, in which an individual deliberately initiates a nonhabitual behavior that, without intervention from others, will cause self-harm, or deliberately ingests a substance in excess of prescribed or generally recognized therapeutic dosage. Here, the objective of the present study was to demonstrate the sociodemographic profile and intention of DSH in our context. Methods: This prospective observational study was done during 1 year. A total of 51 cases were recruited. Sociodemographic data were collected and intension to DSH was assessed using Beck's Suicide Intent Scale. All patients were followed up until discharge, and data were analyzed using the SPSS-20. Results: Among all 51 cases female were the most common 48 (94.1%), Muslims were more 41 (80.4%), 31 (60.8%) were from urban origin, most were homemaker, 20 (39.2%) were single, 16 (31.4%) were poor, and most were at age group <20 years. Intention to DSH revealed, 12 (23.5%) cases were to cope from a difficult situation, 5 (9.8%) cases due to broken-up relationships, 15 (29.4%) cases were for problems in conjugal life, 11 (21.6%) due to quarrel with family. 39 (76.5%) attempted for the first time and 12 (23.5% had a history of multiple attempts. Most 27 (52.9%) patients used sedatives. Among all 12 (23.5%) had a major depressive disorder, 6 (11.8%) had borderline personality disorder, 3 (5.9%) had schizophrenia, 28 (54.9%) had no psychiatric disorders. 37 (72.5%) had low suicidal intent and 11 (21.6%) had high intent. 36 (70.6%) were brought to a hospital quickly and all were conscious during admission, 2 developed organ dysfunction, 3 (5.9%) stayed more than 2 days in the hospital, and 49 (96.1%) had an uneventful recovery. Conclusion: DSH attempters are at increased risk of making further attempts and of dying by means of suicide. Interventions, which focus on enhancing treatment and support for these people, may reduce the risk of repeating this type of behavior.

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Bladder cancer (BCa) is a common genitourinary cancer worldwide. It has been further classified into muscle invasive bladder cancer and nonmuscle invasive bladder cancer. Currently, the detection of BCa requires an unpleasant and expensive cystoscopy and biopsy, which is often accompanied by several adverse effects. Thus, a need is felt to develop novel diagnostic methods for initial detection and surveillance of the disease. Several urine-based tests have been approved by the Food and Drug Administration, USA, for the detection and surveillance of BCa, which are also commercially available. However, as of today, the sensitivity, specificity, and diagnostic accuracy of these urine-based assays are still suboptimal. To improve these, a number of novel molecular markers as well as multiple assays need to be introduced in clinical practice. At present, there is a growing need and evidence toward the use of minimally invasive “liquid biopsy” to identify biomarkers in BCa. DNA- and RNA-based markers in body fluids such as urine appear as promising potential markers in diagnostic, prognostic, predictive, and monitoring BCa. We report a nonsystematic review of the literature in regard to urinary biomarkers for BCa.

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